• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a method for determining time data relating to a non-combustion outlet process of a fuel gas from a gas tank at a vehicle. The method comprises providing a model for the state of said fuel gas in said gas tank. The method further comprises determining time data relating to the outlet process of the fuel gas based on said model. The present invention further relates to a system for determining time data relating to a non-combustion outlet process of a fuel gas from a gas tank at a vehicle, to a vehicle, to a computer program for determining time data relating to non-combustion outlet process of a fuel gas from a gas tank at a vehicle, and to a computer program product.
    公开号:SE1551604A1
    申请号:SE1551604
    申请日:2015-12-08
    公开日:2017-06-09
    发明作者:Wallengren Mårten；Klingborg Erik；Löthgren Svante；Wessel Christian
    申请人:Scania Cv Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    1A method and a system for determining time data relating to a non-combustion outlet process of a fuel gas from a gas tank at a vehicle TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention re|ates to a method and a system for determining time data relating toa non-combustion outlet process of a fuel gas from a gas tank at a vehicle. The present invention also re|ates to a computer program and a computer program product.
    BACKGROUND ART A vehicle tank for fuel gas is usually not equipped with a cooling device. Since the fuel gasinside the tank usually is stored far below the ambient air temperature of the tank, heatradiation will be transferred from the environment to the fuel gas. Due to this heat transfer,the pressure in the fuel tank will increase. ln case the fuel gas is at least partly stored in itsliquid phase, the heat transfer can warm up the gas so that it will transform into its gaseousphase. This effect increases the pressure as well and might be predominant in case it occurs.This is especially the case when an engine of the vehicle is not performing any combustionprocess, for example, since the engine is turned off. Even other effects might cause a pressure increase in the gas tank.
    Due to the possible increase in pressure, tanks are equipped with a security valve which willopen when the pressure inside the tank gets too high. Then the fuel gas will, at least partly, bereleased from the fuel tank so as to lower the pressure in the tank. This is to prevent, for example, a rupture of the tank due to too high pressure.
    Fuel gases do, however, usually contain components which can damage the environmentwhen being released. As an example, liquefied natural gas, LNG, usually contains high amountsof methane which acts as a greenhouse gas when released to the environment. Further, whenthe vehicle is located inside a space with no or with low air circulation, such as a garage, arelease ofthe fuel gas from the tank could possible harm a person entering the garage after fuel gas has been released there. This could be, for example, through direct influences of the 2gas or through an explosion risk or a fire risk ofthe gas. There is thus a need to prevent, or atleast to reduce the amount of fuel gas released to the environment from the security valve of the tank.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One object of the present invention is to provide a method, a system, a computer program,and a computer program product which allow preventing, or at least reducing the amount of fuel gas released to the environment from a tank at a vehicle.
    Another object of the present invention is to provide a method, a system, a computerprogram, and a computer program product which can provide information regarding a non- combustion outlet process.
    Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method, a system, a computerprogram, and a computer program product for determining time data relating to a non- combustion outlet process of a fuel gas from a gas tank at a vehicle.
    A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved method, system, computerprogram, and computer program product. An even further object of the present invention isto provide an alternative method, system, computer program, and computer program product.
    At least some of the objects ofthe present invention are achieved by a method fordetermining time data relating to a non-combustion outlet process of a fuel gas from a gastank at a vehicle. The method comprises the step of providing a model for the state of the fuelgas in the gas tank. The method further comprises the step of determining time data relating to the outlet process of the fuel gas based on the model.
    By determining the time data information regarding the non-combustion outlet process isgenerated. This allows taking actions based on the determined time data. Such actions can bemanaging the operation of a vehicle fleet such that the non-combustion outlet process will not occur. This would prevent emission of the fuel gas to the environment. Another action can be 3 managing the operation of a vehicle fleet such that the amount of fuel gas released to theenvironment from one or more non-combustion outlet processes will be minimised. Thisreduces the emission of the fuel gas to the environment. Yet another action can be operatinga vehicle in such a way that the fuel gas will not release substantially completely from the tankdue to a non-combustion outlet process. This reduces costs for towing of vehicles, or at leastcosts of fuelling the vehicle outside of a fuelling station, such as a gas station. The determinedinformation can also be used in any other application. This might allow providing new functionality to the vehicle. ln one example, the determined time data comprises a time relating to when the fuel gas willstart to release from the gas tank. ln one example, the determined time data comprises a timerelating to when the tank will be substantially emptied from said fuel gas. This time can be atime period or a moment in time. These two examples are very important in practice. The firstexample can start a process of releasing fuel gas to the environment. Determining time datarelating to this, can allow preventing the process, thus reducing cost for unused fuel andminimising emissions. The second example can be the stop of a process of releasing fuel gas tothe environment. Determining time data relating to this, can allow preventing cost for refuelling the vehicle outside a refuelling station. ln one example, the method further comprises the step of determining the pressure and/orthe temperature in the gas tank. The model takes into account the determined pressureand/or temperature in the gas tank. The pressure and/or the temperature are importantinformation regarding the state of the fuel gas. Determining one or both of them can give a good characterisation of the state of the fuel gas. ln one example, the method further comprises the step of determining data relating to thevolume of the fuel gas in its liquid phase in the gas tank. The model takes into account thedetermined data relating to the volume of the fuel gas in its liquid phase in the gas tank. Whenusing gas which can be in its liquid phase, data relating to the volume of the fuel gas in itsliquid phase in the tank is important information regarding the state of the fuel gas.Determining this data relating to the volume can give a good characterisation of the state of the fuel gas. 4 ln one example, the method further comprises the step of presenting the determined timedata to an operator of the vehicle. When presenting this information to the operator duringdriving of the vehicle, the operator will be able to adapt the driving in response to saidpresented information. Such adaption could be adapting the driving such that a non-combustion outlet process from the tank will be prevented for a certain amount of time whenturning offthe combustion engine of the vehicle. A presentation can also be used to plan the further operation of the vehicle. ln one example, the determining of time data comprises performing an Euler method, such asan Euler forward method, of the model for the state ofthe fuel gas. This provides an easy and practical way of determining the time data. ln one example, the determining of time data comprises the step of determining a first stateof the fuel gas in the gas tank. ln one example, the determining of time data comprises thestep of repeatedly, until a pre-determined condition is fulfilled, determining a next state ofthefuel gas in the gas tank after a pre-determined time period, based on the model and based onthe previous determined state of the fuel gas in the gas tank. This provides an easy and practical way of determining the time data.
    At least some of the objects are achieved by a system for determining time data relating to anon-combustion outlet process of a fuel gas from a gas tank at a vehicle. The systemcomprises means for providing a model for the state ofthe fuel gas in said gas tank. Thesystem further comprises means for determining time data relating to the outlet process of the fuel gas based on the model. ln one embodiment, the determined time data comprises a time relating to when the fuel gaswill start to release from the gas tank, and/or a time relating to when the tank will be substantially emptied from the fuel gas. ln one embodiment, the system further comprises means for determining the pressure and/orthe temperature in the gas tank. The model takes into account said determined pressure and/or temperature in the gas tank. 5ln one embodiment, the system further comprises means for determining data relating to thevolume of the fuel gas in its liquid phase in the gas tank. The model takes into account the determined data relating to the volume of the fuel gas in its liquid phase in the gas tank. ln one embodiment, the system further comprises means for presenting the determined time data to an operator of the vehicle.
    At least some of the objects are achieved by a vehicle which comprises a system according to the present disclosure.
    At least some of the objects are achieved by a computer program for determining time datarelating to non-combustion outlet process of a fuel gas from a gas tank at a vehicle. Thecomputer program comprises program code for causing an electronic control unit or acomputer connected to the electronic control unit to perform the steps of the method according to the present disclosure.
    At least some of the objects are achieved by a computer program product containing aprogram code stored on a computer-readable medium for performing method steps accordingto the method of the present disclosure. The computer program is run on an electronic control unit or a computer connected to the electronic control unit.
    The system, the vehicle, the computer program and the computer program product havecorresponding advantages as have been described in connection with the corresponding examples of the method according to this disclosure.
    Further advantages of the present invention are described in the following detailed description and/or will arise to a person skilled in the art when performing the invention.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 shows, in a schematic way, a vehicle according to one embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2a shows, in a schematic way, a system according to one embodiment of the present invention; 6Fig. 2b shows, in a schematic way, a view of an example of gas tank which can be used in connection with the present invention; Fig. 2c shows, in a schematic way, a sketch of an example of an inner configuration of gas tank which can be used in connection with the present invention; Fig. 3 shows, in a schematic way, a flow chart over an example of a method according to the present invention; Fig. 4 shows, in a schematic way, a device which can be used in connection with the present invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION Here, and in the whole document, the term ”non-combustion outlet process” relates to anoutlet process of the fuel gas from the gas tank where the fuel gas is not intended to be usedin a following combustion process. Thus, an outlet process where the fuel gas subsequentlyenters a combustion engine, such as a gas engine, and then will be burned inside the combustion engine, is not considered to be a non-combustion outlet process.
    Fig. 1 shows a side view of a vehicle 100. ln the shown example, the vehicle comprises atractor unit 110 and a trailer unit 112. The vehicle 100 can be a heavy vehicle such as a truck.The vehicle can have a cryogenic tank. ln one example, no trailer unit is connected to thevehicle 100. The vehicle 100 can comprise a combustion engine. The combustion engine can,for example, be a gas engine or a diesel engine. The vehicle can comprise a cryogenic engine.The vehicle 100 comprises a system 299, se Fig. 2a. The system 299 can be arranged in the tractor unit 110. ln one example, the vehicle 100 is a bus. The vehicle 100 can be any kind of vehicle comprisinga cryogenic tank. Other examples of vehicles comprising a gas engine are boats, passenger cars, construction vehicles, and locomotives. 7The innovative method and the innovative system according to one aspect of the inventionare also well suited to, for example, systems which comprise industrial engines and/or engine- powered industrial robots.
    The term ”link” refers herein to a communication link which may be a physical connectionsuch as an opto-electronic communication line, or a non-physical connection such as a wireless connection, e.g. a radio link or microwave link.
    Fig. 2a shows, in a schematic way, a system 299 according to one embodiment of the presentinvention. Not all elements in the system 299 are necessary to perform the invention. lnstead,an embodiment of the system has been chosen which well explains the principle of theinvention. The system 299 comprises a tank 220. ln the following, the expressions tank and gastank are used interchangeably. The tank 220 is arranged to store a fuel gas for the vehicle. Apossible embodiment of the tank 220 is explained in more detail in relation to Fig. 2b. The fuelgas can be any kind of fuel gas, such as, for example, liquefied natural gas, LNG, liquefiedpetroleum gas, LPG, liquefied hydrogen, or liquefied nitrogen. The fuel gas can be any kind of cryogenic liquid or fuel that exists in both liquid and gas phase in a cryogenic container. ln relation to the system 299 a combustion engine 210 is depicted. The combustion engine210 can be a gas engine. A connection arrangement 250 connects the tank 220 with thecombustion engine 210. The connection arrangement 250 can comprise pipes, tubes, hoses, orthe like. The connection arrangement 250 is arranged to allow transport of fuel gas from the tank 220 to the combustion engine 210.
    The system 299 further comprises a first control unit 200. Said first control unit 200 isarranged for communication with said combustion engine 210 via a link L210. Said first controlunit 200 is arranged to receive information from said combustion engine 210. Said receivedinformation can comprise information relating to the fact whether combustion processes are taken place at the combustion engine 210 or not.
    The tank 220 comprises an outlet arrangement 240. The outlet arrangement 240 is arrangedto allow a non-combustion outlet process. ln one example, the outlet arrangement 240comprises a so-called boil-off valve. ln one example, the outlet arrangement 240 is arranged to allow release of the fuel gas from the tank. The allowance can be dependent on a pre- 8determined condition inside the tank 220. As an example, the outlet arrangement can bearranged to allow release of the fuel gas from the tank 220 if the pressure inside the tank 220is above a pre-determined value. ln one example, said pre-determined value for the pressureinside the tank 220 is 16 bar. The release of the fuel gas can thus be conditioned on securityconsiderations for the tank 220. As an example, the outlet arrangement 240 can allow releaseof the fuel gas to prevent damages of the tank 220, such as, for example, due to too high pFeSSUFe.
    Said first control unit 200 is arranged to control operation of said outlet arrangement 240. Saidcontrol can comprise opening and/or closing of said outlet arrangement 240. Said first controlunit 200 is arranged for communication with said outlet arrangement 240 via a link L240. Saidfirst control unit 200 can be arranged to receive information from said outlet arrangement 240.
    The system 299 comprises a first sensor arrangement 230. The first sensor arrangement 230can be arranged to determine a temperature inside the tank 220. The first sensor arrangement230 can comprise a first temperature sensor. The first temperature sensor is preferable arranged inside the tank 220.
    Said first control unit 200 is arranged to control operation of said first sensor arrangement230. Said first control unit 200 is arranged for communication with said first sensorarrangement 230 via a link L230. Said first control unit 200 can be arranged to receive information from said first sensor arrangement 230.
    The system 299 comprises a second sensor arrangement 231. The second sensor arrangement231 can be arranged to determine a pressure inside the tank 220. Said pressure inside the tank230 is preferably the pressure of the fuel gas in the tank 220. The second sensor arrangement231 can comprise a pressure sensor. The pressure sensor is preferable arranged inside thetank 220. ln one example, the pressure sensor is arranged at the connection arrangement 250.From the pressure in the connection arrangement 250 it is possible to derive the pressure inthe gas tank 220. ln many vehicles a pressure sensor is already placed at the connection arrangement 250. Thus using a pressure sensor there can lower the cost of the system 299. 9Said first control unit 200 is arranged to control operation of said second sensor arrangement231. Said first control unit 200 is arranged for communication with said second sensorarrangement 231 via a link L231. Said first control unit 200 can be arranged to receive information from said second sensor arrangement 231.
    The system 299 comprises a third sensor arrangement 232. The third sensor arrangement 232can be arranged to determine data relating to the volume of a liquid in the gas tank 220. As anexample, the third sensor arrangement 232 can be arranged to determine a level for a liquidinside the tank. Since the geometrical configuration of the tank 220 is known and does notchange significantly during operation, knowing the level of the liquid can be directlytransferred to the volume of the liquid. Said level for a liquid can be the level of the fuel gas inits liquid form. The third sensor arrangement 232 can comprise a level sensor. The level sensoris preferably arranged inside the tank 220. This is, however, not a requirement. An example ofa level sensor which can be arranged outside the tank is an optical sensor, in case the tank is at least partly transparent for the wavelengths used by the optical sensor.
    Said first control unit 200 is arranged to control operation of said third sensor arrangement232. Said first control unit 200 is arranged for communication with said third sensorarrangement 232 via a link L232. Said first control unit 200 can be arranged to receive information from said third sensor arrangement 232.
    The system 299 comprises a fourth sensor arrangement 239. Said fourth sensor arrangement239 can be arranged to determine an ambient temperature Tamb of the tank 220. Said ambienttemperature relates to a temperature outside the tank 220. Said fourth sensor arrangementcan comprise a second temperature sensor. The second temperature sensor is preferablyarranged outside the tank 220. The second temperature sensor does not necessarily need tobe at the tank 220. ln one example, the second temperature sensor is at another part of thevehicle 100. Usually the ambient temperature around the vehicle is not differing too muchbetween different parts of the vehicle. Therefore another position at the vehicle might giverepresentative ambient temperature values for the tank 220. ln one example, said fourthsensor arrangement 239 is arranged to receive temperature information relating to theambient temperature of the vehicle via a link (not shown in the figure). As an example, the fourth sensor arrangement can be arranged to receive temperature information from a weather information provider. This is an example where there is no need for a second temperature sensor at the vehicle.
    The fourth sensor arrangement 239 is in one example arranged to determine further ambientconditions of the tank 220. Examples of further ambient conditions are wind speed, amountand kind of precipitation, amount and kind of solar radiation relating to the place of thevehicle, or the like. The fourth sensor arrangement 239 can comprise one or more sensors fordetermining said further ambient conditions. One example of such a sensor is a wind sensor.ln one example, the fourth sensor arrangement 239 is arranged to receive said further ambient conditions from a weather information provider.
    When relating to the ambient temperature or further ambient conditions, this information canbe time-dependent. As an example, the provided information from the weather informationprovider can be time-dependent. This can include predictions of the ambient temperatureand/or further ambient conditions. Thus, in one example a time series of the ambienttemperature is provided from the weather information provider which comprises a prediction of the ambient temperature for the next five days.
    Said first control unit 200 is arranged to control operation of said fourth sensor arrangement239. Said first control unit 200 is arranged for communication with said fourth sensorarrangement 239 via a link L239. Said first control unit 200 can be arranged to receive information from said fourth sensor arrangement 239.
    Said first control unit 200 is arranged to control operation of the tank 220. Said first controlunit 200 is arranged for communication with said tank 220 via a link L220. Said first controlunit 200 can be arranged to receive information from said tank 220. Said first control unit 200can thus control any of the elements of the tank 220 described in relation to Fig. 2c. Said firstcontrol unit 200 can thus receive information from any of the elements of the tank 220 described in relation to Fig. 2c.
    The first control unit 200 can provide a model for the state of the fuel gas in the tank 220. Thefirst control unit 200 is arranged to determine time data relating to the outlet process of the fuel gas based on the model. This is described in more detail in relation to Fig. 3. 11A second control unit 205 is arranged for communication with the first control unit 200 via alink L205 and may be detachably connected to it. lt may be a control unit external to thevehicle 100. lt may be adapted to conducting the innovative method steps according to theinvention. The second control unit 205 may be arranged to perform the inventive methodsteps according to the invention. lt may be used to cross-load software to the first control unit200, particularly software for conducting the innovative method. lt may alternatively bearranged for communication with the first control unit 200 via an internal network on boardthe vehicle. lt may be adapted to performing substantially the same functions as the firstcontrol unit 200, such as determining time data relating to a non-combustion outlet process ofa fuel gas from a gas tank at a vehicle. The innovative method may be conducted by the first control unit 200 or the second control unit 205, or by both of them.
    The system 299 comprises a presenting arrangement 260. Said presenting arrangement 260 isarranged for presenting said determined time data to an operator of the vehicle. Thepresenting arrangement can comprise any of a screen, a speaker, a display, an indicator orthe like. The presenting can be optically, acoustically, and/or tactile. ln one example, said timedata is presented via a voice. ln one example, said time data is presented on a screen and/or adisplay. ln one example, said time data is presented on an analogue presenting means, forexample via a pointer. ln one example, said presenting means can be outside the vehicle. ln one example, said presenting means is a mobile device. ln one example, said presenting means are at an operating centre of a coach company, shipping company, or the like.
    Said first control unit 200 is arranged to control operation of said presenting arrangement 260.Said first control unit 200 is arranged for communication with said presenting arrangement260 via a link L260. Said first control unit 200 can be arranged to receive information from said presenting arrangement 260. lt should be emphasised that most of the aforementioned components are facultative. As anexample, there is no need to have both the first and the second sensor arrangement 230, 231.From the determined temperature inside the tank 220, the pressure inside the tank 200 can be derived, and vice versa. ln a minimal version of the invention, none of the first-fourth sensor arrangements 230-232, 239 is needed. When knowing the state of the fuel gas at one moment of time, it is in principle 12possible to determine the state of the fuel gas at any later moment of time when using amodel for the state of the fuel gas in the gas tank 220. Thus, it is in principle enough todetermine the state of the gas in the tank 220 once when the tank is used for the first time220. This state can be determined based on a known geometry of the tank and a known stateof the fuel gas which is transferred from a different storage tank, such as a tank at a gas station, to the tank 220 at the vehicle.
    Fig. 2b shows, in a schematic way, a view of an example of a gas tank 220 which can be used inconnection with the present invention. The tank 220 comprises an inner vessel 221. ln theinner vessel the fuel gas such as LNG can be stored. An insulation arrangement 222 is arrangedaround the inner vessel 221. This insulation arrangement 222 can comprise insulationmaterial. This insulation arrangement can comprise aluminium foils or any other reflectiveshield material. The tank 220 comprises an outer jacket 223. Preferably, there is a vacuumbetween the inner vessel 221 and the outer jacket 223. ln one example, the vacuum isbetween the insulation arrangement 222 and the outer jacket 223. An emergency evacuationpath 228 is arranged at one side of the tank 220.. The other side of the tank comprises aconnection arrangement 224. The connection arrangement can be arranged to provide aconnection to the combustion engine 210. Also an outlet arrangement 240, such as a boil-offvalve, is arranged at this side of the tank 220. Even a secondary outlet arrangement is situatedthere. The secondary outlet arrangement is in one example a back-up outlet arrangement. Theback-up outlet arrangement is arranged to operate in case the outlet arrangement 240 malfunctions.
    Fig. 2c shows, in a schematic way, a sketch of an example of an inner configuration of a gastank 220 which can be used in connection with the present invention. At the bottom of thetank the liquid phase 280 of the fuel gas is indicated. Above the liquid phase, the fuel gas ispresent in its gaseous phase 281. The tank comprises an outlet 251 to the combustion engine.
    The outlet 251 can be connected to the connection arrangement 250. ln one embodiment, the tank 220 is arranged to transmit fuel gas in its gaseous phase to thecombustion engine when the pressure is above a pre-determined threshold, for example 10 bar. This can be done by opening a phase selector 252. The gas is then transported to a heat 13exchanger 253 and further to the combustion engine. ln case the pressure is below said pre-determined threshold, for example 10 bar, the phase selector 252 is closed and the fuel gas istransported from its liquid phase to the heat exchanger 253, where it is changing phase to the gaseous phase, and is then transported to the combustion engine.
    Such an arrangement will keep the pressure around the pre-determined threshold duringoperation of the combustion engine. However, in case a lot of fuel gas is consumed by the combustion engine, the pressure in the tank may drop below the pre-determined threshold.
    A boil-off valve 240a is present at one side of the tank.
    Fig. 2c does only show one possible embodiment of a tank. Other configurations are possible, such as tanks containing a pump configuration, or the like.
    Fig. 3 shows, in a schematic way, a flow chart over an example of a method 300 according tothe present invention. The method 300 is a method for determining time data relating to anon-combustion outlet process of a fuel gas from a gas tank at a vehicle. ln one example themethod is performed at a pre-determined condition. Such a pre-determined condition can bethe turning-off of the combustion engine, or a similar condition relating to the turning-off ofthe combustion engine. Such a similar condition can be the release ofthe ignition key from thevehicle, the opening of a door, such as the door for the driver, the locking of the vehicle, or the like. The method starts with step 310. ln step 310, a model for the state of the fuel gas in the gas tank is provided. ln one example,the model assumes that the fuel gas consists of methane. ln the following, it will be describedhow the model can look like if methane is used. The described method is, however, applicableto any other component of the fuel gas as well. The method is thus, for example, applicable toethane, propane, butane, or the like. ln case the fuel gas is a mixture of different gases, themodel can be applied to every component of the fuel gas and then be combined according to the composition of the fuel gas. ln one example, the model is based on the assumption that a saturated state is present in thetank. The term saturated state relates in one example to the fact that there is a thermodynamic equilibrium between the fuel gas in its gaseous and its liquid phase. Since the 14tank usually is well isolated against the environment, and the amount of heat transfer fromthe environment to the tank thus is quite limited, this assumption is in general well justified. lnone example, the model is based on the assumption, that the fuel gas in its gaseous and itsliquid phase has the same temperature. ln one example, the model is based on theassumption that the heat transfer can be described by a linear model. ln one example, theheat transfer from the environment to the tank is proportional to the temperature gradient between the ambient temperature Tgmb ofthe tank and the temperature inside the tank. ln one example, the state x of the gas is described as x=(T, p, V|, mg, m|), where T denotes thetemperature of the gas in the tank, and thus, in case a saturated state is assumed, also theliquid in the tank, p denotes the pressure of the gas in the tank, V|, denotes the volume of thegas in the liquid phase, mg denotes the mass of the fuel gas in its gaseous phase, and m|denotes the mass of the fuel gas in its liquid phase. ln one example, one or more of thevariable ofx are not used for the state. As an example, when no outlet process of the fuel gastakes place, the sum of the masses of the fuel gas in its gaseous and its liquid phase will beconstant. Thus, it is possible to derive one quantity from the other. Further, in one example, itis not important to take the m| and mg into account at all, especially if no outlet process of the fuel gas takes place. ln one example, T can be derived from p, or vice versa. This is especially the case if a saturatedstate is assumed in the model. Especially when one quantity is derivable from another quantity, it is not needed to describe both quantities in the state of the tank/fuel gas. ln one example, the model takes into account a state of the environment and/or a state of theflow of the fuel gas from and/or to the tank. ln one example, the state of the environmenttakes into account any of the ambient temperature of the tank, wind speed, amount and kindof precipitation, amount and kind of solar radiation relating to the place of the vehicle, or thelike. ln one example, the vehicle is usually parked in a garage with substantially always thesame temperature, no wind speed, no precipitation, substantially no solar radiation, and thelike. ln that case, the state of the environment there is no need to take the state of theenvironment into account. A person skilled in the art will realise which of the above quantitiesare important in a given situation and which not. Less variables will lower the complexity of the model, but might increase uncertainty. The state of the flow of the fuel gas from and/or to the tank can take into account any of a mass flow mekqof the fuel gas in its gaseous phase fromthe tank to the gas engine, a mass flow mel of the fuel gas in its liquid phase from the tank tothe gas engine, a mass flow mv of the fuel gas into the environment/atmosphere, for exampledue to the pressure in the tank being too high, and/or the mass flow of the fuel gas into thetank, for example due to fuelling the tank at a gas station. ln one example, some or all of theabove quantities are zero. This is for example the case if the vehicle is parked and the method300 will be used to determine the time until the gas in the tank will arrive at a pressurethreshold which will cause a boil-off valve to open. ln one example, the model takes intoaccount, that the mass is constant, for example that mg = mBOG -meng -m,,, and thatml = -mBOG -me,¿, wherein mg denotes the total mass flow in the gaseous phase, mldenotes the total mass flow in the liquid phase, and mßoGdenotes the mass flow between theliquid and the gaseous phase. ln one example, said mass flow between the liquid and thegaseous phase takes into that there is a thermodynamic equilibrium between the fuel gas in its gaseous and its liquid phase. ln one example, this is expressed as the equation mBOG = C(Tamb-T)-(cp__gmy+cp_¿m¿)TLvÜÜ , wherein C denotes a constant relating to the insulation of the tank , cpg denotes the specific heat capacity of the fuel gas in its gaseous phase, cp, denotes thespecific heat capacity of the fuel gas in its liquid phase, T denotes the temperature change,and L,(T) denotes the latent heat of vaporisation. ln one example, the latent heat ofvaporisation is modelled as being non-constant. ln one example, the latent heat of vaporisation is modelled as being temperature dependent and/or pressure dependent.
    When providing a model for the state of the fuel gas in the gas tank of the vehicle, such amodel differs in general greatly from a model for the state of the fuel gas in a storage tankwhich is not carried by the vehicle, such as for example, a storage tank at a LNG transport ship,or at a harbour. This is due to the fact that a vehicle in general does not have anyreliquefaction system. ln a reliquefaction system the released boil-off gas is in one examplereliquefied with compressors in stages. Also the pressure in the tank varies greatly. As anexample, when fuelling the vehicle, the pressure in the tank may be 2 bar. This can be the caseif the gas pressure is 2 bar in the storage tank at a gas station. The pressure in the tank of thevehicle can reach up to a pre-determined threshold, such as 16 bar, when the vehicle is notoperated for a while. Above said pre-determined threshold, the outlet arrangement might release the gas from the tank. Since a model for a storage tank which is not carried by the 16vehicle in general assumes constant pressure and therefore constant density and latent heatof vaporisation in the storage tank, such a model can in general not be transferred to the tank of the vehicle. ln one example, when assuming that a saturated state is present in the tank that gives arelation between T and p, and/or between p and the gas density, and/or between T and theliquid density. Such relations for a specific gas can be empirically determined and are usually publically available for the most common gases.
    The provided model can be stored in the first or the second unit 200, 205. After step 310, the method continues with the optional step 320. ln step 320, the pressure and/or the temperature in the gas tank is determined. ln oneexample this is performed by a pressure sensor and/or a temperature sensor. ln general, thepressure can be derived from the temperature, and vice versa. Thus, in general it is enough toonly determine one of temperature and/or pressure. However, determining bothindependently can have the advantage of adding redundancy to the method and cross-check,whether the pressure and the temperature values are reasonable, respectively. Determiningboth independently can also be used to check the composition of the fuel gas. As has beendescribed in relation to Fig. 2a, it is in principle possible to predict the state of the fuel at anylater time, based on an initial determination of the state, such as during the first fuelling of thetank. Step 320 is thus optional, since, for example, such a prediction could give the same information as step 320. After step 320 an optional step 330 is performed. ln the optional step 330, data relating to the volume of the fuel gas in its liquid phase in thegas tank is determined. ln one example, the step comprises determining the volume of thefuel gas in its liquid phase in the gas tank. ln one example, the step comprises determining alevel of the liquid phase of the fuel gas in the tank. This can be performed by a level sensor.From this level, the volume of the fuel gas in its liquid phase in the gas tank can then bederived when knowing the geometry of the tank.. After the optional step 330, step 340 is performed. ln step 340, time data relating to the outlet process of the fuel gas based is determined based on said model. ln one example, said determined time data comprises a time relating to when 17said fuel gas will start to release from said gas tank. This time is often referred to as the holdtime of tank. ln one example, said release relates to the fact that a pre-determined thresholdfor the pressure inside the tank has been achieved. ln one example, said release relates to asecurity release from the tank, such as to avoid damage to the tank. Said release can relate to the opening of a so-called boil-off valve. lt is especially useful to perform the method, and thus step 340, to determine what happens inthe tank when the vehicle is not operated. Said non-operating of the vehicle can relate to thefact that the combustion engine of the vehicle is turned off. During operation of thecombustion engine, the pressure in the tank is usually lowered or kept constant. This is due tothe fact that a release of fuel gas from the tank to the combustion engine will be thepredominant effect and that this release lowers pressure in the tank. Usually, the tank isarranged to keep a certain lower level of pressure in the tank, such as, for example, 10 bar.This can be achieved by other measures. ln that case the pressure in the tank is approximatelyconstant. A non-combustion outlet process of the fuel gas from the gas tank at the vehicle willthus usually not take place during operation of the combustion engine. Such a non-combustion outlet process of the fuel gas from the gas tank at the vehicle takes, however,usually place at some moment of time after turning off of the combustion engine. This is, forexample, due to heat transfer from the environment to the tank, resulting in too high pressureso that fuel gas will release due to security reasons. lt is thus advantageous to determine thetime period after which such release will occur, or to determine the moment in time whensuch release will occur. When knowing said time period/said moment in time, an operator canact accordingly to avoid such a release. Said time period is typically in the order of a few daysafter turning off of the combustion engine. However, if the combustion engine only has beenoperated shortly and the pressure in the tank was close to the threshold when fuel gas will bereleased due to security reasons, the pressure in the tank might not have been loweredsubstantially. ln that case said time period can be minutes or hours. When having informationregarding the time period, an operator of the vehicle can, for example, decide to use a vehiclewhere a release will appear shortly instead of a vehicle where a release will only appear after alonger period of time. This might be especially the case when having access to a larger fleet of vehicles, or at least to two vehicles. 18ln one example, said determined time data comprises a time relating to when the tank will besubstantially emptied from the fuel gas. Said term substantially emptied can relate to the factthat the pressure of the fuel gas in the gas tank is below a pre-determined threshold, that thevolume of the fuel gas in its liquid form is below a pre-determined threshold, or any othersimilar indication. ln one example said time is a moment in time when the tank will besubstantially emptied. ln one example said time is a time period when the tank will besubstantially emptied. When the tank is substantially emptied from the fuel gas, the vehiclemight be no longer operated due to lack of fuel, or might only be operated for a limitedtime/distance. lt is thus advantageous for an operator of the vehicle to know when this willoccur, so that the vehicle can be transported to a fuel station for refuelling in due time. ln oneexample, the substantially emptying of the fuel gas relates to a non-combustion process, andthus not to the fact that the tank is emptied due to driving. lf, for example, the boil-off valveopens as described above due to too high pressure in the tank, fuel gas is usually releaseduntil the pressure in the tank is below a second pre-determined threshold. After some time,the pressure will, however, have risen again due to heat transfer from the environment, sothat the boil-off valve will open again. This process can then repeat until the tank issubstantially emptied from fuel gas. ln one example the expression substantially emptiedrelates to the fact that all the fuel gas in the tank is in its gaseous phase, has the sametemperature as the ambient temperature of the tank and a pressure below the pressure where the outlet arrangement, such as the boil-off valve, opens. ln one example, step 340 comprises performing an Euler method, such as an Euler forwardmethod, of said model for the state of said fuel gas. ln one example, a pressure differencebetween a pressure value when the non-combustion outlet process of the fuel gas from thegas tank at the vehicle will occur and between a current pressure value in the tank isdetermined. This pressure difference can then be divided by a pressure gradient, i.e. a changeof pressure over time. ln one example, the pressure gradient is determined by the modelwhich is provided in step 310. ln one example, the pressure gradient is calibrated. From saiddivision the time period until the non-combustion outlet process of the fuel gas from the gastank at the vehicle will occur can be determined. For increasing accuracy, said pressure difference can be divided into a number n of smaller pressure differences. Said division can 19then be applied to each of the n smaller pressure differences. ln such a way a more accurate value for the time can be determined. ln one example, the current pressure is 10 bar and the pressure when the boil-off valve willopen is 16 bar. ln one example, the total pressure difference of 6 bar will be divided in threesteps of 2 bars each, i.e. from 10 bar to 12 bar, from 12 bar to 14 bar, and from 14 bar to 16bar. The division of the respective pressure difference by the pressure gradient from themodel with the respective starting point, i. e. 10 bar, 12 bar, and 14 bar, is calculated forachieving the time which each pressure raising takes. The three such determined times are then added to arrive at the time when the boil-off valve will open. ln this case n=3. ln general, a higher n gives a higher accuracy. lt should, however, be noted that a higher ngives higher calculation time. According to an embodiment, n=10 gives a good compromisebetween accuracy and calculation time. ln a given example such a value caused an errorbetween a determined time and a measured time of only a fraction of a per cent, which istotally acceptable. lf, however, ambient conditions of the tank are changing substantially,higher values of n might be recommended. Even a value of n in the order of hundred thousandcan still give calculation times below one second with current control units, which usually is acceptable. ln one example, step 340 comprises step 341. ln step 341 a first state of the fuel gas in the gastank is determined. ln one example, said first state is the current state of the fuel gas. Thedetermination of the first state can be bases on the determined pressure and/or temperaturefrom step 320, and/or the determined data relating to the volume of the fuel gas in its liquidphase from step 330. The determined first state can comprise any of the other values relatedto a state of the gas which have been discussed before. After step 341, in one example a step 342 is performed. ln one example, step 340 comprises step 342. ln step 342 a next state of the fuel gas in the gastank after a pre-determined time period is determined, based on the model and based on theprevious determined state of the fuel gas in the gas tank. Said determination is in one examplealso based on one or more ambient values of the gas tank. Such ambient values are in oneexample an ambient temperature, or any of the other values discussed before in this disclosure.
    Step 342 can be repeated until a pre-determined condition is fulfilled. For example, after theinitial state a second state is determined in step 342 based on the model and based on theinitial state. ln the next run of step 342, a third state is determined based on the model andbased on the second state, and so on. Said pre-determined condition relates in one exampleto a pre-determined pressure in the gas tank. Said pre-determined pressure can be thepressure when the boil-off valve opens. Thus, in one example, when the state determined instep 342 has a pressure equal to or higher than the pre-determined pressure, the repetition ofstep 342 is stopped. ln one example, the sum of the pre-determined time periods from eachtime performing step 342 is said determined time data relating to the outlet process of thefuel gas. ln general, the shorter the time periods when performing step 342, the moreaccurate will the determined time be. There will be a bias error when taking too long timesteps. Too short time steps will increase calculation time. As an example, time steps of onehour between the different determined states when performing step 342 might perform agood compromise between accuracy of the determined time data relating to a non- combustion outlet process of the fuel gas and a short calculation time.
    After step 340, an optional step 350 is performed. ln the optional step 350, said determined time data is presented to an operator of the vehicle.ln one example, the presentation is acoustical, optical and/or tactile. Further details of thepresentation have been discussed in relation to Fig. 2. Said presentation can, for example be”ln 15 hours a gas release from the tank will occur", or ”ln 6 days the tank will be substantially empty”. After step 350 the method 300 ends. ln relation to method 300 the steps have been described in a certain order. The steps can,however, also be performed in different orders, or simultaneously. The only limitation in the order arises if one step needs information which has to be provided by another step.
    The method 300 is preferably performed in relation to a turning-off of the combustion engine.Such a turning-off will cause a slow raising of the pressure in the tank and thus eventually theopening of a boil-off valve, unless the combustion engine is not turned on again before thepressure gets too high. Thus, when turning off the combustion engine, the determined timedata relating to a non-combustion outlet process of the fuel gas is important information to the operator of the vehicle. The operator can then plan to use the vehicle again before the 21release of the fuel gas occurs, or at least before the fuel tank is substantially empty. Thus, inone example, the performing of method 300 can be triggered by the turning-off of thecombustion engine, or a similar action indicative thereof, as has been described before. lnanother example, the method 300 can be performed repeatedly during operation of thevehicle. ln one example, the method determines a time relating to when a non-combustionoutlet process of the fuel gas from the gas tank will occur given the combustion engine wouldbe turned off at that moment. lf an operator plans to use the vehicle again after, for example,a number of days or hours, the operator could then continue operating the vehicle at themoment until the pressure in the tank has lowered so much that the determined time untilthe non-combustion outlet process of the fuel gas from the gas tank will take place is that number of days or hours, or longer. ln one example, the determined time of step 340 is a time how long the operator has to drivethe vehicle to allow a turning-off of the combustion engine for a pre-determined amount oftime without releasing fuel gas from the tank. As an example, a presented message in step 350can then be ”lf you drive 15 more minutes, you can turn off the combustion engine for 48 hours without releasing gas." The method 300 can be implemented on an existing control unit of a vehicle. This can, forexample, be performed via an update. This would not require any additional components andis thus a very cost-efficient way. Alternatively, or additionally, the method 300 could beimplemented on a control unit especially for this purpose. This has the advantage that such acontrol unit can be especially designed for that purpose. Further, less effort has to be put on lowering calculation time.
    Figure 4 is a diagram of one version of a device 500. The control units 200 and 205 describedwith reference to Figure 2 may in one version comprise the device 500. The device 500comprises a non-volatile memory 520, a data processing unit 510 and a read/write memory550. The non-volatile memory 520 has a first memory element 530 in which a computerprogram, e.g. an operating system, is stored for controlling the function of the device 500. Thedevice 500 further comprises a bus controller, a serial communication port, I/O means, an A/D converter, a time and date input and transfer unit, an event counter and an interruption 22controller (not depicted). The non-volatile memory 520 has also a second memory element 540.
    The computer program comprises routines for determining time data relating to a non- combustion outlet process of a fuel gas from a gas tank at a vehicle.
    The computer program P may comprise routines providing a model for the state of said fuelgas in said gas tank. This may at least partly be performed by means of said first control unit 200.
    The computer program P may comprise routines for determining the pressure and/or thetemperature in the gas tank. This may at least partly be performed by means of said firstcontrol unit 200 controlling operation of the first and second sensor arrangement 230, 231.Said determined pressure and/or temperature may be stored in said non-volatile memory 520.
    The computer program P may comprise routines for determining data relating to the volumeof the fuel gas in its liquid phase in the gas tank. This may at least partly be performed bymeans of said first control unit 200 controlling operation of said third sensor arrangement270. Said determined data relating to the volume of the fuel gas in its liquid phase in the gas tank may be stored in said non-volatile memory 520.
    The computer program P may comprise routines for determining time data relating to theoutlet process of the fuel gas based on said model. This may at least partly be performed bymeans of said first control unit 200. Said determined time data may be stored in said non- volatile memory 520.
    The computer program P may comprise routines for presenting said determined time data toan operator of the vehicle. This may at least partly be performed by means of said first control unit 200 controlling operation of the presenting arrangement 260.
    The program P may be stored in an executable form or in compressed form in a memory 560 and/or in a read/write memory 550. 23Where it is stated that the data processing unit 510 performs a certain function, it means thatit conducts a certain part of the program which is stored in the memory 560 or a certain part of the program which is stored in the read/write memory 550.
    The data processing device 510 can communicate with a data port 599 via a data bus 515. Thenon-volatile memory 520 is intended for communication with the data processing unit 510 viaa data bus 512. The separate memory 560 is intended to communicate with the dataprocessing unit via a data bus 511. The read/write memory 550 is arranged to communicatewith the data processing unit 510 via a data bus 514. The links L205, L210, L250-255, and L270, for example, may be connected to the data port 599 (see Figure 2).
    When data are received on the data port 599, they can be stored temporarily in the secondmemory element 540. When input data received have been temporarily stored, the data processing unit 510 can be prepared to conduct code execution as described above.
    Parts of the methods herein described may be conducted by the device 500 by means of thedata processing unit 510 which runs the program stored in the memory 560 or the read/write memory 550. When the device 500 runs the program, methods herein described are executed.
    The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is providedfor i|ustrative and descriptive purposes. lt is neither intended to be exhaustive, nor to limitthe invention to the variants described. I/|any modifications and variations will obviouslysuggest themselves to one skilled in the art. The embodiments have been chosen anddescribed in order to best explain the principles ofthe invention and their practicalapplications and thereby make it possible for one skilled in the art to understand the inventionfor different embodiments and with the various modifications appropriate to the intended USS.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1] 1. 24 CLAll/IS A method (300) for determining time data relating to a non-combustion outlet processof a fuel gas from a gas tank at a vehicle, the method comprising the steps: - providing (310) a model for the state of said fuel gas in said gas tank; and - determining (340) time data relating to the outlet process of the fuel gas based on said model. The method according to claim 1, wherein said determined time data comprises a timerelating to when said fuel gas will start to release from said gas tank, and/or a timerelating to when the tank will be substantially emptied from said fuel gas. The method according to anyone of the previous claims, further comprising the stepof: - determining (320) the pressure and/or the temperature in the gas tank;wherein said model takes into account said determined pressure and/or temperaturein the gas tank. The method according to anyone of the previous claims, further comprising the stepof: - determining (330) data relating to the volume of the fuel gas in its liquid phase in the gas tank;wherein said model takes into account said determined data relating to the volume ofthe fuel gas in its liquid phase in the gas tank.The method according to anyone of the previous claims, further comprising the stepof: - presenting (350) said determined time data to an operator ofthe vehicle. The method according to anyone of the previous claims, wherein said determining oftime data comprises performing an Euler method, such as an Euler forward method, ofsaid model for the state of said fuel gas. The method according to anyone of the previous claims, wherein said determining oftime data comprises the steps: - determining (341) a first state ofthe fuel gas in said gas tank; and, - repeatedly, until a pre-determined condition is fulfilled, determining (342) a next state of the fuel gas in said gas tank after a pre-determined time period, 15. 10. 11 12. 13.14. based on said model and based on the previous determined state of the fuelgas in said gas tank.A system (299) for determining time data relating to a non-combustion outlet processof a fuel gas from a gas tank (220) at a vehicle (100), the system comprising:- means (200; 205) for providing a model for the state of said fuel gas in said gastank; and- means (200; 205) for determining time data relating to the outlet process of thefuel gas based on said model.The system according to claim 8, wherein said determined time data comprises a timerelating to when said fuel gas will start to release from said gas tank, and/or a timerelating to when the tank will be substantially emptied from said fuel gas.The system according to anyone of claim 8-9, further comprising:- means (230; 231) for determining the pressure and/or the temperature in thegas tank;wherein said model takes into account said determined pressure and/or temperature in the gas tank. .The system according to anyone of claims 8-10, further comprising: - means (232) for determining data relating to the volume of the fuel gas in itsliquid phase in the gas tank; wherein said model takes into account said determined data relating to the volume ofthe fuel gas in its liquid phase in the gas tank.The system according to anyone of claims 8-11, further comprising: - means (260) for presenting said determined time data to an operator of the vehicle. A vehicle (100), comprising a system according to any of claims 8-12.A computer program (P) for determining time data relating to non-combustion outletprocess of a fuel gas from a gas tank at a vehicle, wherein said computer program (P)comprises program code for causing an electronic control unit (200; 500) or acomputer (205; 500) connected to the electronic control unit (200; 500) to perform the steps according to anyone of the claims 1-7. A computer program product containing a program code stored on a computer-readable medium for performing method steps according to anyone of claims 1-7, when said 26computer program is run on an electronic control unit (200; 500) or a computer (205; 500) connected to the electronic control unit (200; 500).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20190248228A1|2019-08-15|
    EP3386792A4|2019-08-21|
    BR112018007488A2|2018-10-23|
    WO2017099652A1|2017-06-15|
    EP3386792A1|2018-10-17|
    KR20180087397A|2018-08-01|
    EP3386792B1|2021-03-03|
    SE540578C2|2018-10-02|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1551604A|SE540578C2|2015-12-08|2015-12-08|A method and a system for determining time data relating to a non-combustion outlet process of a fuel gas from a gas tank in a vehicle|SE1551604A| SE540578C2|2015-12-08|2015-12-08|A method and a system for determining time data relating to a non-combustion outlet process of a fuel gas from a gas tank in a vehicle|
    PCT/SE2016/051204| WO2017099652A1|2015-12-08|2016-12-02|A method and a system for determining time data relating to a non-combustion outlet process of a fuel gas from a gas tank at a vehicle|
    BR112018007488A| BR112018007488A2|2015-12-08|2016-12-02|method and system for determining time data with respect to a non-combustion output process of a combustible gas from a gas tank in a vehicle|
    US15/772,784| US20190248228A1|2015-12-08|2016-12-02|A method and a system for determining time data relating to a non-combustion outlet process of a fuel gas from a gas tank at a vehicle|
    KR1020187018498A| KR20180087397A|2015-12-08|2016-12-02|A method and system for determining time data relating to a non-combustion exhaust process of a fuel gas from a gas tank of a vehicle|
    EP16873461.4A| EP3386792B1|2015-12-08|2016-12-02|A method and a system for determining time data relating to a non-combustion outlet process of a fuel gas from a gas tank at a vehicle|
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